Aker
Aker was an ancient Egyptian earth god and the deification of the horizon.

Anat
Anat was a goddess of fertility, sexual love, hunting and war of Canaanite.

Anhur
Anhur was a foreign god of war and hunting originally worshipped in Thinis.

Amun
Amun is the most important and powerful of all the Egyptian Gods in ancient Egypt history.

Anubis
Anubis is the jackal headed god of underworld.

Apep
Apep was an ancient spirit of evil and destruction, the deification of darkness and chaos, known since the Middle Kingdom.

Aten
Aten is an ancient Egyptian god also known as Aton was the sun disk, the original aspect of Ra.

Atum
Atum was known as the god of creator.

Baal
Baal was a god of thunder, originally from western Semitic.

Banebdjedet
Banedbdjed was the ram god of Lower Egypt.

Bes
Bes was the protector of pregnant women, children and the households.

Four Sons of Horus
Four gods in Egyptian religion, who were essentially the personifications of the containers for the organs of the deceased pharaohs.

Geb
Geb was the god of earth.

Hapy
Hapy was personified as a fertility god, referring to fertile inundation brought by him.

Heka
Heka was the god of magic and medicine.

Horus
Horus was originally the sky god, but he is also known as war god, hunter’s god, god of kingship and others.

Huh
Huh was one of the oldest Egyptian gods in ancient Egyptian history, the deification of eternity in the Ogdoad.

Ihy
Ihy was a child god and was a god of music and musicians.

Imhotep
Imhotep was known as the Egyptian god other than the pharaohs, who was actually a real person.

Khepri
Khepri was the god of creation, the movement of the sun, life and resurrection.

Khnum
Khnum is the god of the Nile inundation from Elephantine where he guarded the first cataract.

Khonsu
Khonsu was an ancient Egyptian god of the moon.

Kuk
One of the oldest Egyptian gods in ancient Egyptian history is the deification of the primordial concept of darkness.

Maahes
Maahes was a solar war god of ancient Egypt in the form of a lion.

Min
Min was the god of fertility and harvest.

Monthu
Monthu was the falcon headed god of war.

Nefertum
Nefertum was an ancient sun god of Lower Egypt, who was considered to be an aspect of Atum.

Nun
Nun was the waters of chaos and Nun was the only thing existed on earth before there was land.

Osiris
Osiris was the god of the dead and vegetation. He usually referred as god of afterlife.

Ptah
Ptah is an ancient Egyptian god, the god of creator.

Ra
Ra is king of the gods and the most important Egyptian god.

Resheph
Resheph was a god of war and tunder, originally from Syrian.

Seker
Seker was the Memphite god of the dead.

Set
Set was the god of chaos, evil, storms, desert and darkness.

Shezmu
Shezmu was the ancient Egyptian demonic god of slaughter, execution, blood and wine.

Shu
Shu was the Egyptian god of air.

Sobek
Sobek is the crocodile god or Lord of Faiyum Oasis from Faiyum.

Tatenen
Tatenen the God of Rising Earth, who  identified with creation.

Thoth
Thoth the God of Wisdom and he is the god of writing, knowledge, time, fantasy, speaking, inventions and moon.

Wepwawet
Wepwawet was originally a war god from Upper Egypt.

The four sons of Horus were a group of four gods in Egyptian religion, who were essentially the personifications of the four canopic jars, which accompanied mummified bodies. Since the heart was thought to embody the soul, it was left inside the body. The brain was thought only to be the origin of mucus, so it was reduced to liquid, syphoned off, and discarded. This left the stomach (and small intestines), liver, large intestines, and lungs, which were removed, embalmed and stored, each organ in its own jar. There were times when embalmers deviated from this scheme: during the 21st Dynasty they embalmed and wrapped the viscera and returned them to the body, while the Canopic jars remained empty symbols.

The earliest reference to the sons of Horus is found in the Pyramid Texts where they are described as friends of the king, as they assist the king in his ascension to heaven in the eastern sky by means of ladders. Their association with Horus specifically goes back to the Old Kingdom when they were said not only to be his children but also his souls. As the king, or Pharaoh was seen as a manifestation of, or especially protected by, Horus, these parts of the deceased pharaoh, referred to as the Osiris, were seen as parts of Horus, or rather, his children, an association which did not diminish with each successive pharaoh. Since Horus was their father, so Isis, Horus’ original wife (i.e. his wife in early mythologies), was usually seen as their mother, though in the details of the funerary ritual each son, and therefore each canopic jar, was protected by a particular goddess. Just as the sons of Horus protected the contents of a canopic jar, the king’s organs, so they in turn were protected. As they were male in accordance with the principles of male/female duality their protectors were female.

Imsety in human form, protected the liver and was protected by Isis. Hapi in baboon form, protected the lungs and was protected by Nephthys. Duamutef in jackal form, protected the stomach and was protected by Neith. Qebehsenuef in hawk form, protected the large intestines and was protected by Serket.

The classic depiction of the four sons of Horus on Middle Kingdom coffins show Imsety and Duamutef on the eastern side of the coffin and Hapi and Qebehsenuef on the western side. Because the eastern side is decorated with a pair of eyes and the mummy was turned on its side to face the east and the rising sun, this side is sometimes referred to as the front. The sons of Horus also became associated with the cardinal compass points, so that Hapi was the North, Imsety the south, Duamutef the east and Qebehsenuef the west.

Up until the end of the 18th Dynasty the canopic jars had the head of the king but later they were shown with animal heads. Inscriptions on coffins and sarcophagi from earliest times showed them usually in animal form.

Hapi

Hapi is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. He is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys. When his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity.

The spelling of his name includes a hieroglyph which is thought to be connected with steering a boat, although its exact nature is not known. For this reason he was sometimes connected with navigation, although early references call him the great runner.

Imset

In Egyptian mythology, Imseti (also transcribed Imset, Amset, sety, Mesti, and Mesta) was a funerary deity, who were associated with the canopic jars, specifically the one which contained the liver. Unlike his brothers, Imsety was not associated with any animal and was always depicted as human. The early form of Isis was considered his protector. His Canopic Jar guards the liver.

Duamutef

Duamutef was one of the Four Sons of Horus and a protection god of the Canopic jars. Commonly he is said to be the son of the god Horus the Elder (Heru-ur) and the goddess Isis. There is another myth that describes Duamutef and his brothers as sons of Osiris. According to this myth they were born from a lotus blossom that arose from the primeval ocean.

The name Duamutef means “Who adores his mother”.

First Duamutef was displayed as human wrapped in mummy bandages. Since the New Kingdom he is shown with the head of a jackal. In some cases his appearance is swapped with Qebehsenuef’s so he has the head of a falcon and Qebehsenuef has the head of a jackal.

Duamutef usually was shown on Sarcophagus and as cap of canopic jars. Some images of the Judgement of heart show him staying together with his brothers in front of Osiris on a small lotus blossom.

Together with the three other sons of Horus Imsety, Hapi and Qebehsenuef he protected the mummified internal organs. His duty was to protect the stomach.

The Pyramid texts name Duamutef as protection god of the deceased and their helper for the advance to heaven. The inscriptions of canopic jars and canpic chests he is called to protect from hunger and thirst.

According to the Egyptian Mythology he and his brothers where dedicated as protectors of the cardinal directions of the sky. Duamutef was dedicated to the east and he was also one of the star gods. For this reason Duamutef appears on astronomical documents to describe the direction where stars are placed.

Qebehsenuef

Qebehsenuef also spelled and variously transliterate as Kebehsennuf, Kebechsenef, Qebshenuf, Qebehsenuf or Kabexnuf. It means (‘He who refreshes his brothers’) was one of the sons of Horus in Egyptian mythology, the god of protection and of the West. In the preparation of mummies, his canopic jar was used for the intestines. He is seen as a mummy with a falcon head. He was said to be protected by the goddess Serket.

Tatenen represented the Earth and was born in the moment it rose from the watery chaos,  analogous to the primeval mound of the benben and mastaba  and the later pyramids. He was seen as the source of “food and viands,divine offers, all good things”, as his realms were the deep regions beneath the earth “from which everything emerges”, specifically including plants, vegetables, and minerals. His father was the creator god Khnum, who made him on his potter’s wheel of Nile mud at the moment of creation of Earth. This fortuity granted him the titles of both “creator and mother who gave birth to all gods” and “father of all the gods”.  He also personified Egypt (due to his associations with rebirth and the Nile) and was an aspect of the earth-god Geb, as a source of artistic inspiration, as well as assisting the dead in their journey to the afterlife.

Tatenen’s ambiguous portrayal is a result of the ancient nature of the period he was worshipped in, as well as the subsequent confusion when he was merged with Ptah. He was always in human form, usually seated with a pharonic beard, wearing either an Atef-crown (as Ptah-Sokar) or, more commonly, a pair of ram’s horns surmounted by a sun disk and two tall feathers. As Tanenu or Tanuu, obviously a chthonic deity, he carried two snakes on his head. He was both feminine and masculine, a consequence of his status as a primeval, creator deity. Some depictions show Tatenen with a green complexion (face and arms), as he had connections to fertility  and a chthonic association with plants.

Both Tatenen and Ptah were Memphite gods. Tatenen was the more ancient god, combined in the Old Kingdom with Ptah as Ptah-Tatenen, in their capacity as creator gods. By the Nineteenth dynasty Ptah-Tatenen is his sole form, and he is worshiped as royal creator god. Ptah-Tatenen can be seen as father of the Ogdoad of Hermopolis, the eight gods who themselves embody the primeval elements from before creation.

The ancient Egyptians religion contains many deities and personified aspects of nature. Egyptians saw the actions of the gods behind all the elements and forces of nature. However, they did not believe that the gods merely controlled these phenomena, but that each element of nature was a divine force in itself.

These deities were worshipped with offerings and prayers, in local and household shrines as well as in formal temples managed by priests. Different gods were prominent at different periods of Egyptian history, and the myths associated with them changed over time.

The religion also contained many beliefs such as the divinity of the pharaoh, which helped to politically unify the country, and had a highly developed view of the afterlife for an eternal life after death.

Click on the name of god or goddess below to find out more information about the mythology, patronage, myth, depiction and temple of it.

Egyptian Goddess

Ammit
Ammit is an ancient Egyptian funerary god, referred as the devourer of the wicked who was the personification of the concept of truth, balance, and order. She dwelt in the Hall of Ma’at, those who were heavy with wrongdoing were given to Ammit for her to devour.

Amunet
Amunet was a fertility goddess of Upper Egypt. She is one of the eight primeval gods in the Ogdoad, forming the female counterpart of Amun, whose name means “The Hidden One” as the invisible air and wind.

Anuket
Anuket was an ancient Egyptian goddess of the Nile, who originated from Nubia. She was also given a title as “Lady of Embracing” or “She Who Embraces”. Anuket was worshipped as the “Nourisher of the Fields”.

Bastet
Bastet is cat goddess venerated in the town of Bubastis in Lower Egypt. Bastet was a Goddess of Protective and thus sometimes depicted as a fierce lioness.

Bat
Bat was an ancient cow goddess. Bat was also known as the “Ba of two faces” that represent her ability to see the past and into the future. Bat also given other titles such as “She Who Lows” and “Great Wild Cow”.

Hathor
Hathor is an ancient Egyptian goddess of love, music and dance. Hathor was also the goddess of happiness, fertility and a protector of all women. She was shown as the mother goddess of the whole world.

Hatmehyt
Hatmehyt was an Egyptian goddess of fish, originally a deification of the Nile River. She was also known as a goddess of life and protection.

Hauhet
Hauhet was one of the oldest Egyptian gods in ancient Egyptian history, the deification of eternity in the Ogdoad. She was the god of infinity and time, the god of long life and eternity.

Heqet
Heqet was an Egyptian goddess of childbirth, creation and fertility. She was given the title “She who hastens the birth” and midwives often called themselves the “Servants of Heqet”.

Isis
Isis is the goddess of motherhood and fertility. She was worshipped for motherhood, love, magic, children, marital devotion, fertility, wealthy, medicine, protection and peace.

Kauket
One of the oldest Egyptian gods in ancient Egyptian history is the deification of the primordial concept of darkness.

Ma’at
Ma’at was the goddess of truth, justice and harmony. She represents the ideals of law, order, moral and cosmic order. She was the wife or the counterpart of the god of wisdom, Thoth and their attributes are same.

Mafdet
Mafdet is the goddess of justice and judgment. She was seen as the protector of the king’s chambers and the protector of venomous animals such as scorpion and snake.

Menhit
Menhit was the goddess of war origin from Nubia. She also known as god of lioness, due to the aggressive characteristic associated to warfare.

Meretseger
Meretseger was a cobra goddess who was the protector and guardian of the Valley of the Kings. She was considered to be both a dangerous and merciful goddess.

Meskhenet
Meskhenet is an ancient Egyptian god who known as the goddess of childbirth. She presided over and assisted with childbirth. After bringing a baby safely into the world, Meskhenet takes a decision on its destiny at the time of birth.

Mut
Mut was the great mother goddess of Egypt. She was referred as the great “world mother” and mother of the pharaohs.

Naunet
Nun was the waters of chaos and Nun was the only thing existed on earth before there was land. Nun is the male aspect and Naunet is the female aspect.

Neith
Neith was an ancient goddess of war and weaving. In early times her function as a war deity, invoked blessing for weapons, both for the soldier and the hunter. As a goddess of weaving and the domestic arts, she was the protector of women and a guardian of marriage.

Nekhbet
Nekhbet is the goddess of vulture. She was a guardian of mothers and children of the royal family. However during the New Kingdom she seems to have extended her protection beyond the royal family to the common people.

Nephthys
Nephthys was a protective goddess of the dead. She was referred as “Lady of the Mansion”, “Mistress of The House” or “Head of the House”.

Nut
Nut was known as the goddess of sky. In the myth, said Nut swallows the sun god Ra every night and gives birth to him again the next morning. She became associated with the underworld and resurrection. The ancient Egyptian believed Nut’s laughter was the thunder and the tears were the rain.

Pakhet
Pakhet was the Egyptian goddess of war. He was the merged of Bastet and Sekmet, the ancient deities who were similar lioness war deities.

Qetesh
Qetesh was a goddess of ecstasy and sexual pleasure, originally from Syrian.

Satis
Satis is the goddess of the nile and fertility. Her main role as the goddess of fertility she caused the inundation and purifies the deceased and to help with their rebirth in the afterlife.

Sekhmet
Sekhmet is an ancient Egyptian goddess of war. As the warrior goddess, she accompanied the pharaoh into battle and destroys the enemies and she was also the healer.

Serket
Serket was the goddess of scorpion. Her name means “she who tightens the throat”, or “she who causes the throat to breathe” referring to her power of protecting from, or healing stings and bites.

Seshat
Seshat is an ancient Egyptian goddess of wisdom, knowledge, and writing from Lower Egypt. She was referred as the goddess of architecture, mathematics, historical records, astrology, astronomy, building, measurement and surveying.

Soqdet
Soqdet was one of the important goddess of star ‘Sirius’, the Dog star to ancient Egyptian astronomers. She also guides the king to the heavenly Field of Rushes, the afterworld.

Tawaret
Tawaret was the Egyptian goddess who protects women during pregnancy and childbirth. The ancient Egyptian believes that Tawaret will protect the children, assist women in labour and scare off demons that might harm the mother or the child.

Tefnut
Tefnut was the Egyptian goddess of moisture. She is also known as the goddess of water, rain and fertility.

Wadjet
Wadjet was the Serpent Goddess since the predynastic period. She is one of the nebty (the ‘two ladies’) of the pharaoh or the two protective goddesses of Egypt.

Egyptian Gods

Aah
Aah was an ancient moon god of Egypt. He was referred as the creator of the Egyptian calendar.

Aker
Aker was an ancient Egyptian Earth God and the deification of the horizon. Represent the concept of ‘Yesterday’ (Sef in Egyptian) and ‘Tomorrow’ (Duau in Egyptian).

Anat
Anat was a goddess of fertility, sexual love, hunting and war of Canaanite. Ramesses II take Anat as his personal guardian in the battle.

Anhur
Anhur was a foreign god of war and hunting originally worshipped in Thinis. He protects the sun god Ra, his father from his enemies such as Apep. Thus, he was given him the titles as “Slayer of Enemies”.

Amun
Amun is the most important and powerful of all the Egyptian Gods in ancient Egypt history. Amun being thought of as a self-made and was incorporated with the old myths of creation.

Anubis
Anubis is the jackal headed god of underworld. Anubis was the god in-charge to protect and bring the dead on their path though the afterlife.

Apep
Apep was an ancient spirit of evil and destruction, the deification of darkness and chaos, known since the Middle Kingdom.

Aten
Aten is an ancient Egyptian god also known as Aton was the sun disk, the original aspect of Ra. Aten was the creative force that gives life to all lives on the earth.

Atum
Atum was known as the god of creator. He was the first God to exist on the earth from waters of Chaos and he created all the Gods and the universe.

Baal
Baal was a god of thunder, originally from western Semitic. He was known to be a rider of clouds, most active during storms but was also considered to be a “lord of heaven and earth”, even controlling earth’s fertility.

Banebdjedet
Banedbdjed was the ram god of Lower Egypt. He was also incorporated to the first four gods or ‘ba’, to rule over the Egypt.

Bes
Bes was the protector of pregnant women, children and the households.

Geb
Geb was the god of earth. Geb referred as a healing god is also found in texts dealing with scorpion stings and how to heal them.

Hapy
Hapy was personified as a fertility god, referring to fertile inundation brought by him. Some of the epithets given for Hapy are such as “Lord of the Fishes”, “Lord of the River Bringing Vegetation” and “Birds of the Marshes”.

Heka
Heka was the god of magic and medicine. Heka was one of the creative powers both in the mortal world and the world of the gods, which were necessary for creation to come about.

Horus
Horus was originally the sky god, but he is also known as war god, hunter’s god, god of kingship and others. He played the role as the protector of the ruler of Egypt.

Huh
Huh was one of the oldest Egyptian gods in ancient Egyptian history, the deification of eternity in the Ogdoad. He was the god of infinity and time, the god of long life and eternity.

Ihy
Ihy was a child god and was a god of music and musicians. He was the personification of the joy and jubilation experienced while using the sistrum in rites and worship.

Imhotep
Imhotep was known as the Egyptian god other than the pharaohs, who was actually a real person. He was originally the engineer, architect, writer, astronomer, physician and scientist in history known by name. Imhotep was the architect of the Step Pyramid (Pyramid of Djoser) at Saqqara.

Khepri
Khepri was the god of creation, the movement of the sun, life and resurrection. Important deities of Egyptian gods and identified as a form of a Ra, the sun god.

Khnum
Khnum is the god of the Nile inundation from Elephantine where he guarded the first cataract. He was called “the Great Potter”.

Khonsu
Khonsu was an ancient Egyptian god of the moon. Khonsu also had given titles such as Embracer, Pathfinder, and Defender as he was thought to watch over night travelers.

Kuk
One of the oldest Egyptian gods in ancient Egyptian history is the deification of the primordial concept of darkness.

Maahes
Maahes was a solar war god of ancient Egypt in the form of a lion. He was also known as the “Avenger of Wrongs” and “Helper of the Wise Ones”, where he punished those who violated the rules of Ma’at.

Min
Min was the god of fertility and harvest. Min was worshipped by mans, as they believed that Min as a bestowal of sexual powers to them.

Monthu
Monthu was the falcon headed god of war. He was given the title “Lord of Thebes”.

Nefertum
Nefertum was an ancient sun god of Lower Egypt, who was considered to be an aspect of Atum.

Nun
Nun was the waters of chaos and Nun was the only thing existed on earth before there was land. Nun is the male aspect and Naunet is the female aspect.

Osiris
Osiris was the god of the dead and vegetation. He usually referred as god of afterlife. He is just not the ruler of the underworld, but also the god of resurrection into eternal life, protector, inundation and vegetation.

Ptah
Ptah is an ancient Egyptian god, the god of creator. Ptah also know as the God of wisdom, craftsmen, pottery and creation. According to the ancient Egyptian myth, the universe come into existence though his though and words.

Ra
Ra is king of the gods and the most important Egyptian god. He created himself from waters of Chaos and he created all the Gods and the universe. The ancient Egyptians also called Ra “the cattle of Re” the “creator”, the thought to mean “creative power”.

Resheph
Resheph was a god of war and tunder, originally from Syrian. He served as god of horses and the protector of royalty.

Seker
Seker was the Memphite god of the dead. He was the important funerary god throughout the Egyptian history. New Kingdom he was united with Ptah and Osiris became one deity, Ptah-Sokar-Osiris.

Set
Set was the god of chaos, evil, storms, desert and darkness. Earlier Set was worshipped as the god of wind and the desert storms, and he grant the strength of the storms to his followers.

Shezmu
Shezmu was the ancient Egyptian demonic god of slaughter, execution, blood and wine. He was the demonic god of slaughter, precious oils for beauty and embalming and red wine.

Shu
Shu was the Egyptian god of air. Shu is also known as the god of the atmosphere and of dry winds. She considered the god of the space and light between the sky and she also holds power over snakes.

Sobek
Sobek is the crocodile god or Lord of Faiyum Oasis from Faiyum, who had to be appeased to give people his protection against crocodiles. So, insure the fertility of their people and crops.

Thoth
Thoth the God of Wisdom and he is the god of writing, knowledge, time, fantasy, speaking, inventions and moon. Moreover he involved in arbitration, magic and the judging of the dead.

Wepwawet
Wepwawet was originally a war god from Upper Egypt. In Pyramid text it states that Wepwawet to be the one who has separated the sky from the earth, perhaps as the “opener” of the sky”.

The colour red of wine has a strong connection with blood, where Shezmu ripped off the heads of the wrongdoers and putting their head into a wine press to be crushed and removed the blood into red wine. Thus, he was known as “Lord of Blood”, “Executioner of Osiris” and he also given the title as “Slaughterer of Souls” and “Demon of the Wine Press”. Besides, being a punisher of the wrongdoers he also protects the virtuous one.

His appearance portrayed as a man with the head of a falcon. During punishing the damned, he took the form of a man with a leonine head. This appearance linked him with Sekhmet, the goddess of war. He offered red wine to those who had passed on. Other than wine, he was in charge of earthly objects such as embalming oils, and perfumes.

Shezmu was widely worshipped in Dendera and Edfu. A greatest cult center was build for him in Faiyum.

The name Anhur means “he who leads back the distant one” and it also mean “sky bearer”. This name reflects to the myths that said he brought his wife or his female counterpart Menhit, the lioness goddess from Nubia, which is the “Eye of Ra”, who became his consort. This myth similar to the god Shu also brought back the fearsome “eye” as his own consort, Tefnut.

Anhur appearance portrayed as a bearded man wearing a long kilt or robe with a headdress of four feathers on his head. He holds a spear or lance in his raised high hand refer to the epithet “the lord of lances”. Occasionally, he also depicted as a lion headed man.

Anhur protect the sun god Ra, his father from his enemies such as Apep. Thus, he was given him the titles as “Slayer of Enemies”. He was associated with Shu, the air god became Anhur-Shu. Later, Shu was eventually absorbed completely into Anhur. He was also associated Monthu, Sopedu and strongly with Horus, became Horus-Anhur or Arensnuphis.

As a war and hunting god, Anhur was the patron of the ancient Egyptian armies and the personification of royal warriors. His cult center was built in the town of Sebennytos at Delta, where a temple was constructed for Anhur-Shu by Nectanebo II.

Imhotep was known as the Egyptian god other than the pharaohs, who was actually a real person. His name Imhotep also spelled as Immutef, Imhetep, Im-hotep, Ii-em-Hotep or Imuthes in Greek, whose name means “the one who comes with peace”. He was originally the engineer, architect, writer, astronomer, physician and scientist in history known by name. He served as chancellor to the pharaoh under the 3rd Dynasty king, Djozer and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis.

Imhotep was the architect of the Step Pyramid (Pyramid of Djoser) at Saqqara, near Memphis in Egypt. It was the first structure created by human hands to be built entirely from stone. He designed the Step Pyramid and formulates the architectural theories that lead to the construction of the Pyramids of Giza later.  Imhotep was the first to known to use of columns in architecture.

He was given many titles such as Chancellor of the King of Egypt, Doctor, First in line after the King of Upper Egypt, Administrator of the Great Palace, Hereditary nobleman, High Priest of Heliopolis, Builder, Chief Carpenter, Chief Sculptor and Maker of Vases in Chief.

After death, the ancient Egyptians believed that Imhotep became a god and very popular among the learned people of Egypt. He was referred as the god of medicine and healing. He was said to be a son of Ptah, the architect of the entire universe. He was also associated with Thoth, the god of wisdom and later linked to Asclepius by the Greek, their god of medicine and healing.

Imhotep was worshipped widely throughout Egypt. During the Ptolemaic Period, a temple was built to Imhotep on the Island of Philae. His appearances portrayed as a man seated in the scribal position with a roll of papyrus open on his laps and dressed in the robes of a noble with a shaven head.

According to myth, Ihy was the son of Hathor, the goddess of music and dance and Horus, the Elder. As his mother’s bovine aspect, his name was believed could also mean ‘calf’. Ihy was associated with the afterlife, since Hathor had a funerary aspect. Sometimes, he also referred as the son of Isis, Nephthys and Sekhmet.

Ihy appearance portrayed as a young boy wearing the sidelock of youth, with his finger held to his mouth and usually carrying a sistrum in his right hand or menet necklace.

There was no any a temple or cult center built for Ihy. However as the son of Hathor and Horus he was worshipped in the temple of Hathor in Dendara. At this temple, Caesar Augustus built a mammisi, or birthing house. There scenes of celebrating Ihy’s conception and birth, portrayed on the walls of the mammisi.

In the Coffin Texts and the Book of the Dead, Ihy was called the “lord of bread” and “in charge of beer”.

Baal was a God of Thunder, originally from western Semitic. He was worshipped in Egypt from the 18th dynasty of the New Kingdom. His name Baal also spelled as Ba’al. Baal simple means ‘Lord’ or ‘Owner’. Sometimes, he is called Re’ammin, meaning ‘Thunderer’, or Aleyin, meaning ‘Most High’, ‘Mightiest’, ‘Most Powerful’ or ‘Supreme’.

His appearance portrayed as man standing with a pointed beard of Syrian style, wearing a horned helmet and carrying weapon in his raised hand such as a sword, a club made from a cedar tree, or a thunderbolt.

According to myth, Baal was the son of a major northwest Semitic god, Dagan. He was killed by the god of death, Mot but he was resurrection by his sister or lover Anat, the violent war goddess.

As the god of thunderstorms, he was known to be a rider of clouds, most active during storms but was also considered to be a “lord of heaven and earth”, even controlling earth’s fertility. He was also given various titles such as “Most High Prince/Master”, “Conqueror of Warriors”, “Mightiest, Most High, Supreme, Powerful, Puissant”, “the Warrior” and “Prince, Master of the Earth”.

He is a famous deity at Memphis and other several areas. His cult center was built for him at Baal Saphon near Tanis in the northern Delta.

Aah was an ancient Moon God of Egypt. The name Aah also spelled as Aa, Ah, Aos, Iah, Aah Tehuti or Aah Te-huti. The meaning of name means “moon” and it is also translated as “collar”, “to embrace” and “defender”.

Aah existence was mentioned in the “Book of The Dead”, in which he says: “I am the moon-god Aah, the dweller among the gods”.

Aah was referred as the creator of the Egyptian calendar, which has 12 months a year and 30 days. He was also known as the student of the wisdom god, Thoth. His appearance portrayed as a man wearing sun disk on top of a crescent.

According to myth, originally in Egyptian calendar there was only 360 days long in a year. Thus, goddess Nut was unable to bear children because of the jealousy god Ra by separating the couple, Nut and Geb. The couple turned to the wisdom god, Thoth for help. Thoth gambled with Aah for 1/72nd of its light (360/72 = 5), or 5 days, and won. During these 5 days, she gave birth to Osiris, Horus, Set, Isis and Nephthys. He also gets credits with the creation of 365 day calendar.